(1 cycle= 4 hours at -20◦c in the freezer and 4 hours at + 20◦c in the curing tank water).
7.1. Compressive Strength
Table [13]. The results of the compressive strength for not aerated concrete samples, were was measured after periods of maturation in water as a control samples (witness) and compressive strength of samples after 200 cycles freezing and thawing.
Table [13]
|
After 200 cycles. Freezing & thawing |
Average |
Control Samples |
Average |
Loss in Comp. strength |
W/C |
GGBS |
|||||
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
strength |
1 |
2 |
3 |
strength |
% |
% |
% |
|
A – 1 |
43.6 |
45.9 |
45.4 |
45.0 |
47.2 |
49.6 |
46.3 |
47.7 |
5.7 |
|
0 |
|
A – 2 |
48.8 |
47.6 |
49.4 |
48.6 |
52.8 |
54.3 |
51. 7 |
52.9 |
8.1 |
0.45 |
30 |
|
A – 3 |
46.4 |
50.1 |
47.9 |
48.1 |
54.1 |
55.6 |
52.8 |
54.2 |
11.3 |
|
50 |
|
A – 4 |
39.8 |
38.0 |
40.3 |
39.4 |
46.1 |
47.5 |
46.3 |
46.6 |
15.5 |
|
70 |
Graph (6) – course of research test results of compressive strength for not aerated concrete control samples and samples compressive strength after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
The results have shown that, the increase in compressive strength for not aerated concrete samples containing GGBS, were was measured after periods of ripining in tank water as a control samples is significant.
we noteced a clearly decrease in compressive strength in all samples mixes after 200 cycles freezing and thawing
Graph (7) – course of test results of the decrease in compressive strength [N] for not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
The results showed after 200 cycles freezing and thawing that, less decrease in compressive strength in concrete samples with 100% CEMII/A-L the decrease was (2.7N) and more decrease in samples containing GGBS (4.3 ÷ 7.2N)N.
Graph (8) – course of test results of the decrease in compressive strength [%] for not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
The results showed after 200 cycles freezing and thawing that, less decrease in compressive strength in concrete samples with 100% CEMII/A-L the decrease was (5.7%) and more decrease in the samples containing GGBS (8.1 ÷ 15.5%).
7.2. compressive strength of control (witness) not aerated concrete samples
Summary – Compression Strength – Control (witness) Samples
Table [14]. Test results of the control sample compressive strength, were was measured after periods of maturation in water
Tablica [14].
|
W/C = 0.45 |
CEM II |
CEM II/GGBS | CEM II/GGBS | CEM II/GGBS |
|
Cement content % |
100 |
70/30 |
50/50 |
30/70 |
|
Compressive strength of control (witness) samples [N/mm2]] |
47.7 |
52.9 |
54.2 |
46.6 |
Graph(9) – course of the test results of the control (witness) compression strength for not air entrained concrete sample
The results showed that, the increase in concrete compressive strength of control mix (witnesses) containing GGBS was significantly higher than other concrete made with 100% CEM II/A-L.
The highest compressive strength in the control mixes was the samples containing 50% GGBS (54.2N).
7.3. Summary – Durability Test – under the influence of compressive Strength
Table [15]. Durability of not aerated concrete
| W/C = 0.45 |
CEM II |
CEM II/GGB | CEM II/GGBS | CEM II/GGBS |
|
Cement content % |
100 |
70/30 |
50/50 |
30/70 |
|
Compressive strength of Control samples [N/mm2] |
47.7 |
52.9 |
54.2 |
46.6 |
|
Compressive strength After 200 cycles Freezing & Thawing [N/mm2] |
45.0 |
48.6 |
48.1 |
39.4 |
|
loss of Compressive strength After 200 cycles Freezing & Thawing [N/mm2] |
2.7 |
4.3 |
6.1 |
7.2 |
|
loss of Compressive strength After 200 cycles Freezing & Thawing [ % ] |
5.7 |
8.1 |
11.3 |
15.5 |
7.4. Durability Test – Mass Loss of not aerated concrete samples:
Table [16]. Test results of loss of mass for the not aerated concrete samples before and after the test, after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
Table [16]
|
Samples after test (after 200 cycles.) |
Average |
Samples before test |
Average |
Loss in mass |
W/C |
GGBS |
|||||
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
of masa |
1 |
2 |
3 |
of mass |
% |
% |
% |
|
A – 1 |
2408 |
2413 |
2410 |
2410 |
2418 |
2427 |
2424 |
2423 |
0.54 |
|
0 |
|
A – 2 |
2395 |
2403 |
2395 |
2398 |
2416 |
2422 |
2412 |
2417 |
0.79 |
0.45 |
30 |
|
A -3 |
2397 |
2412 |
2408 |
2406 |
2420 |
2431 |
2429 |
2427 |
0.87 |
|
50 |
|
A – 4 |
2398 |
2391 |
2404 |
2398 |
2423 |
2415 |
2430 |
2423 |
1.03 |
|
70 |
Graph[10]. Concrete without Air-mass of samples before and after the test- after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
7.5. Summary – Durability Test – under the influence of mass loss:
Table [17]
|
Durability of Concrete Without Air |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Test results – Loss of mass |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
W/C = 0.45 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Graph [11]. Loss in mass in (g) of not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles of freexing and thawing
The results have shown for not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles freezing and thawing that, the loss in mass was only (13g) for 100% CEMII/A-L, and samples containing GGBS the loss of mass was between (19÷25g) .
Graph [12]. Loss in mass in (%) of not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles of freezing and thawing
The results have shown for not aerated concrete samples after 200 cycles freezing and thawing that, the loss in mass was only (0.54%) for samples 100% CEMII/A-L, and for samples containing GGBS was the loss of mass between (0.79÷1.03%).
7.6. Summary – Durability Test results of not aerated Concrete
Table [18]. Not aerated Concrete – summary samples Test result after 200 cycles freezing and thawing
| W/C = 0.45 |
CEM II |
CEM II/GGBS | CEM II/GGBS | CEM II/GGBS |
|
Cement content % |
100 |
70/30 |
50/50 |
30/70 |
|
Compressive strength of samples after 120 day, maturated in water [N/mm2]] |
47.6 |
52.4 |
53.6 |
46.3 |
|
Compressive strength of Control (witness) samples [N/mm2]] |
47.7 |
52.9 |
54.2 |
46.6 |
|
Compressive strength of samples after 200 cycles freezing and thawing [N/mm2] |
45.0 |
48.6 |
48.1 |
39.4 |
|
the decrease in compressive strength after test, frost resistance F 200 [%] |
5.7 |
8.1 |
11.3 |
15.5 |
|
Loss in mass after test frost resistance F 200 . [%] |
0.54 |
0.79 |
0.87 |
1.03 |
Professor Pawel Lukowski. Head of the Department of Building Materials Engineering. Warsaw University of Technology
Dr. Eng. Joanna Julia Sokolowska. Department of Building Materials Engineering. Warsaw University of Technology
MSc. Eng. Ali Salih Technical and Quality Manager – Casey Concrete, Gorey Co. Wexford
Part I – DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING GGBS IN EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING CONDITIONS
1- Abstract 2. Background 3. Prisms analysis of cement samples (MORTARS) 4. Test results of the Prisms 5. Test on Without Air Entrained concrete samples: 6. Strength test results 7. Durability Test
Part II – DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING GGBS IN EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING CONDITIONS
8. Air Entrained Concrete 9. Strength test results of the air entrained concrete samples maturated in tank water 10. Durability Test 11. Conclusions of the study/a> 12. Literature