5.1. The materials and preparation of samples:
For the preparation of concrete mixes were used:
– Portland cement CEM-IIA-L 42.5N – Noel O’Brien Cement- according to EN 197-1.
– Addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) – ECOCEM Dublin- accordance with EN 15167-1: 2006, was used in amounts of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%.
– Crushed Aggregates- Casey’s Quarry-by PL-EN 12620: 2004 fraction 4 / 16mm and 16 / 31.5mm,
– Natural sand fraction 0 / 4mm – Casey’s Sandpit
– Mixing water – water comply with PN-EN 1008: 2003
– Admixtures: according to Standard EN-EN 934-2: 1999 was used: S.Plasticizer Viscocrete 10 from Sika Ireland Ltd, used in an amount of 0.80% to the value of the cement.
5.2. Components of concrete mixtures for W/C = 0.45, 340kg cement content
Table (8) Concrete Mix Design:
| W/C = 0.45 |
ECOCEM GGBS |
Density (kg/m3) |
Density (kg/m3) |
(Volume m3) |
|||
|
% |
|||||||
|
CEM IIA-L 42.5N |
% |
30% |
50% |
70% |
– |
– |
– |
|
100% |
340 |
– |
– |
– |
3070 |
– |
0.111 |
|
70% |
238 |
102 |
– |
– |
3070 |
2900 |
0.113 |
|
50% |
170 |
– |
170 |
– |
3070 |
2900 |
0.114 |
|
30% CEM-I |
102 |
– |
– |
238 |
3070 |
2900 |
0.115 |
|
Sand |
519 |
2650 |
– |
0.196 |
|||
|
Grit |
389 |
2680 |
– |
0.145 |
|||
|
10mm |
272 |
2680 |
– |
0.101 |
|||
|
20mm |
758 |
2680 |
– |
0.283 |
|||
|
Water |
153 |
1000 |
– |
0.153 |
5.3. The properties of concrete mixes with W/C = 0.45:
Table (9)
|
Concrete without air |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
The properties of the concrete mix |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
W/C = 0.45 |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
5.4. Absorption test on without air entrained concrete samples:
Table (10). The properties of concrete mixes – Water absorption of without air entrained concrete samples,
Table(10).
|
Time of |
Absorption of concrete samples, % |
|||
|
Test |
||||
|
|
100%Cem-IIA-L |
30% |
50% |
70% |
|
(42.5N) |
GGBS |
GGBS |
GGBS |
|
|
2 dni |
6.1 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
4.2 |
|
7 dni |
4.3 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
|
28 dni |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
|
56 dni |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
|
90 dni |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
|
120 dni |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
Graph (3) – Absorption test results of concrete without air entrained samples
The absorption of concrete samples results showed after 120 days of ripening in curing tank water, that the samples containing GGBS are less water absorption rate (1.8 ÷2.4 %) than the samples 100% CEMII/A-L were the absorption rate is (2.9%)
Professor Pawel Lukowski. Head of the Department of Building Materials Engineering. Warsaw University of Technology
Dr. Eng. Joanna Julia Sokolowska. Department of Building Materials Engineering. Warsaw University of Technology
MSc. Eng. Ali Salih Technical and Quality Manager – Casey Concrete, Gorey Co. Wexford
Part I – DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING GGBS IN EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING CONDITIONS
1- Abstract 2. Background 3. Prisms analysis of cement samples (MORTARS) 4. Test results of the Prisms 5. Test on Without Air Entrained concrete samples: 6. Strength test results 7. Durability Test
Part II – DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING GGBS IN EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING CONDITIONS
8. Air Entrained Concrete 9. Strength test results of the air entrained concrete samples maturated in tank water 10. Durability Test 11. Conclusions of the study/a> 12. Literature